еврейский (иврит):ḳäräṣ 'a disturbing insect' [KB 1148]. Hapax in Jr 46.20 (ʕäglā yǝpē piyyā miṣrāyim // ḳäräṣ miṣṣāpōn bā(ʔ) bā(ʔ) 'Egypt is a beautiful (?) heifer // a gadfly came from the North'. pB. ḳǝrāṣīt 'a big fly or locust' [Ja. 1425], ḳōrǝṣīn 'destructive insects, worms' [ibid. 1343].
иудейский арамейский:ḳārōṣā 'biting insect' [Ja. 1414] ('der Beissende, Stechende' according to [Levy WTM IV 389]), ḳārāṣīt 'die Beissende, Stechende, die Bremse' [ibid.].
арабский:ḳāriṣ- 'sorte d'insecte qui cause une piqûre douloureuse' [BK 2 712], [Fr. III 425], [Lane 2514], [TA XVIII 88].
мехри:ḳǝrōṣ 'mosquito; bug' [JM 236].
джиббали:ḳérɔ́ṣ 'bugs; tiny nocturnal flying insects that fly in swarms and sting' [JJ 150].
харсуси:ḳerūṣ 'biting insects, bugs' [JH 77].
NOTES:Cf. Arb. ḳirs- 'petits cousins' (insects)' [BK 2 710], [Fr. III 424], [LA VI 171], likely related with dissimilation of emphatics (note also ḳirḳis- 'sorte de petits moucherons [BK 2 723]). Cf. Akk. ḳarrišu (ḳarsu) 'a caterpillar' SB [CAD Q 145], [AHw. 905] (only ḳarrišu). Cf. Amh. ḳärč̣o 'a kind of lizard' [K 746] (semantically problematic). Cha. Eža ḳǝrač̣, End. Gyt. ḳǝrā̃č̣ 'flea' [LGur. 496] are superficially similar to the present root but convincingly derived from ... ḳnṣ .... (cf. No. ...). The present root is likely related to the PS verbal root *ḳrṣ 'to sting, to nibble' (cf. especially Syr. ḳǝraṣ 'pupugit (culex)' [Brock. 699]), but safely reconstructible as an independent faunal term on the PS level. [KB 1148]: Hbr., Arm., Arb.
иудейский арамейский:ḳardā 'abdominal pain caused by a parasitic worm' [Ja. 1412]; ṭǝrīḳayyā 'a sort of wasps' [ibid. 554] (cf. [Levy WT I 322]).
сирийский арамейский:ḳerdā 'ricinus' [Brock. 693], [PS 3730] ('animaliculum oves, boves etc. infestans').
арабский:ḳurd- 'teigne qui attaque les chevaux, les chameaux; ver qui se met dans les cuirs, dans les peaux, et les ronge' [BK 2 709], [LA 1956 14 348]; ḳirda/iʕ- 'louse (living on camels and hens)', ḳarṭaʕ-, ḳirṭiʕ- id., ḳurdūʕ- 'small ant'
тигре:ḳʷärʔǝd 'tick' [Rein Bil 242]
тиграй (тигринья):ḳʷärʔǝdǝt 'tick' [Rein Bil 242]; ṭäḳäray 'specie di mosca che fa un miele molto ricerca- to; ordinariamente mielifica nelle spaccature delle euforbie' [Bass. 907] (note also ṭǝrḳä 'bees living in an inaccessible cave' [K Tna 2427])
амхарский:ṭǝḳur (in ṭǝḳur ǝnziz) 'hornet' [K 1228].
аккадский:ḳūḳānu (gūḳānu,guḳḳānu) 'an insect; a disease' SB [CAD ḳ 312], 'ein Worm; eine Krankheit' [AHw. 928]. As an animal name only in Uruanna III 213ff. (ḳu-ḳa-ni/nu ḳaḳḳari = išḳippu, ḳu-ḳa-ni A.S̆À = mubattir eḳli), cf. [Landsberger Fauna 129]. The name of the disease (eyes, internal organs) presumably represents a semantic evolution of the faunal term ("Es sei dahingestellt, ob der Name der Augenkrankheit ... auf einen Wurm als wirklichen oder vermeintlichen Erreger zurückgeht" [ibid.]).
иудейский арамейский:ḳuḳyānē 'name of parasite worms' [Ja. 1340], ḳūḳā(ʔ)nē 'Bandwürmer, Fischwürmer' [Levy WTM IV 274]. Considered an Akkadism in [AHw. 928] which does not seem very convincing.
современные арамейские:Cf. N.-Syr. ḳinâ 'a gnat, mosquito' [M 281]
тигре:ḳǝnḳǝn 'wood-fretter, weevil' [LH 252], ḳänḳän 'ver qui ronge le bois', ḳunḳun 'insecte ailé qui mange le grain' [ibid.].
амхарский:č̣ǝč̣č̣an 'kind of small ant' [K 2241].
харари:ḳǝñḳiñ 'earwig' [LHar. 127].
гураге:End. ḳǝnḳān 'worm that eats wood' [LGur. 488].
NOTES:Most probably derived from this nominal root are End. Gog. Sod. ḳǝnäḳḳänä, Wol. Zwy. ḳǝnäḳänä, Muh. Msq. ḳʷǝnäḳḳʷänä, Sel. ḳinäḳänä 'to be worm-eaten' [LGur. 488]. It is very difficult to agree with [LGz. 435] where a reverse development (Eth. faunal terms derived from verbs meaning 'to gnaw') is proposed (the Akk. and Jud. forms are strangely omitted). Cf. possibly Arb. ḳinḳin- 'sorte de coquillage marin' [BK 2 825], [Fr. III 508], [LA XIII 350] (semantically not fully satisfactory).
NUMBER:2464
PROTO:*ḳunpud_- ~ *ḳinpād_-
эблаитский:gi-ba-sum6/šúm (= Sum. PÉS̆) [MEE 4 872]. For a detailed treatement v. [Civil Ebla 91], [Sjöberg 12- 3]. The Ebl. form is of crucial importance for the diachronic interpretation of the vocalism of Hbr. ḳippōd as it points to *i (not *u) in the first syllable and *ā (not *u) in the second.
еврейский (иврит):ḳippōd 'hedgehog [KB 1117], pB. ḳuppād id. [Ja. 1337]. According to [KB], the passages where this meaning is to be postulated for Hbr. ḳ. are Is 14.23 (wǝŝamtīhā lǝmōraš ḳippōd // wǝʔagmē māyim 'I'll make it into the inheritance of ḳ. // and water marshes') and Is 34.11 (wīrēšūhā ḳāʔat wǝḳippōd // wǝyanšūp wǝʕōrēb yiškǝnū bāh 'ḳāʔat-bird and ḳ. will inherit it // yanšūp-bird and crow will dwell there'). As for the third passage (Zeph 2.14), it is assumed that that ḳ. is used here to denote a kind of bird ('short eared owl', 'ruffed bustard', 'bittern'): gam ḳāʔat gam ḳippōd bǝkap- tōrǟhā yālīnū 'also ḳāʔat-bird and ḳ. will dwell on its pillars'. The same translation is admitted as possible for Is 34.11 quoted above.
харсуси:(?) ḳed_ewīʔ, ḳed_ewīb 'hedgehog' [LH 73]. While it is tempting to connect this term with the present root, b instead of f as well as the lack of -n- are difficult to explain.
NOTES:In Hebrew, -d instead of -z is irregular and may - though certainly must not - point to an Aramaism (cf. [M. Wagner 102] for a cautious approach to this question). As well known, the phonetically expected form ḳippōz is at- tested in Hbr. but its meaning is thought to be 'kind of snake' [KB 1118] (attested once in Is 34.15, describing an animal laying eggs; in [BDB 891] compared with Arb. ḳiffāzat-, not at- tested in the available dictionaries of Arb.). It is difficult to say whether the meaning 'kind of bird' is a specific semantic derivation of the meaning 'hedgehog' or be- longs to an independent homonymous lexeme (cf. Syr. ḳupdā (ḳupdī) 'noctua' [Brock. 682], [PS 3688] as well as a number of forms with this meaning but without -d: Hbr. pB. ḳippōp 'a species of owls' [Ja. 1366], Jud. ḳippūpā,ḳippōpā 'owl' [Ja. 1366], [Levy WT II 377], ḳypwp 'nocturnal predatory bird' [Sok. 491]; Syr. ḳuppǝtā 'noctua parva' [Brock. 681], ḳappūpā 'noctua magna' [Brock. 681], [PS 3685], ḳaḳūpā (corr. e ḳappūpā) 'upupa' [Brock. 689]). Of interest is Hbr. pB. ḳurpǝday 'mole' [Ja. 1343], 'eine Amphibienart, viell. Maulwurf' [Levy WTM IV 387]. [KB 1117]: Hbr., Arm., Gez., Tgr., Tna., Arb.; [Hommel 339]: Arb., Gez., Hbr., Arm. (according to Hommel, the proto-form is *ḳuppud_- whereas -n- in Arb. and Gez. are secondary); [Brock. Syr., Arm., Hbr., Arb., Gez.; [LGz. 434]: Gez., Eth., Arb., Hbr., Arm. (the Eth. forms are unconvincingly treated Arabisms whereas the remaining Sem. forms are derived, again quite uncon- vincingly, derived from the verbal root *ḳpd,*ḳpd_ 'to roll up, to compress'; the same approach see in [M. Wagner 102]); [Fir- mage 1154]: Hbr., Arm., Gez., Arb.
тигре:ḳuttu 'espece de petite sauterelle' [LH 250].
NOTES:Cf. *ḳVṭVn- 'насекомое-паразит', No. ...
NUMBER:2466
PROTO:*ḳVmḥ-
MEANING:kind of insect
сирийский арамейский:ḳamḥā (in nāḥǝlat ḳamḥā) 'insectum quoddam' [Brock. 423], [PS 2337]. Literally 'sifting-the-flour'. Both elements may go back to original faunal terms (cf. No. ... for nāḥǝlat), later re-inter- preted by popular etymology.
тигре:ḳomḥay 'fourmi qui mange le miele' [LH 237].
NOTES:Not quite reliable because of the doubtful status of the Syr. form. Further possible cognates in Eth. (with metathesis) may be Gez. ḳāhm (ḳǝhm, ḳāḥm) 'kind of ant; drone' [LGz. 425], Tgr. ʔaḳ(ǝ)ḥma (ʔaḳḥomä) 'ants' [LH 365], Tna. .... .
NUMBER:2467
PROTO:*ḳVmVṣ-
MEANING:kind of harmful insect (locust, grasshopper)
арамейские:Off. ḳmṣ 'grasshopper' [HJ 1013]. In Frahang VIII 8 (kmṣʔ = malak) (v. [Nyberg 73]).
арабский:ḳamaṣ- 'petites mouches ou petits insectes qui rasent la surface d'une eau stagnante; petites sauterelles qui viennent d'éclore' [BK 2 813], [LA 7 83].
джиббали:ḳĩɛ́ṣ 'kind of camel bug' [JJ 146], eḳamṣéṣ 'to look for bugs' [ibid.].
NOTES:Cf. Tna. ḳʷimaṭä 'sorta di zecco o piattola: insetto grande quanto un piddocchio, che si produce nelle parti persona rico- perte di pele' [Bass. 289] with unexpected -ṭ-. Cf. Eth. forms with -n- instead of -m- (Gez. ḳʷǝnṣ, ḳʷǝnṣo 'flea' [LGz. 435], Tna. ḳʷinṣi, ḳʷinč̣i 'pulce' [Bass. 299], ḳʷinǝč̣č̣a 'lendine' [ibid. 300], Amh. ḳʷǝnǝč̣č̣a 'flea' [K 801], ḳǝnč̣ač̣ 'fire ant(s)' [ibid. 802], Har. ḳunāč̣ 'flea' [LHar. 126], Muh. Msq. Gog Sod. ḳǝnač̣, End. ḳǝnāč̣, Sel. ḳǝnāč̣o, Wol. ḳǝnač̣č̣o, Zwy. ḳǝnāč̣u, Cha. Eža ḳǝrač̣, Enm. Gyt. ḳǝrā̃č̣ 'flea' [LGur. 486]). Cf. further Tgr. ḳäṣ, ḳäč̣ 'flea' [LH 264], Amh. ḳʷǝč̣ač̣ 'tiny black ants' [K 846], apparently with loss of -n-. Of interest are Gog. Muh. Msq. ḳǝmčǝlla, Cha. Enm. Gyt. ḳǝmčǝna, Eža ḳǝmčǝnna 'gnat' [LGur. 481]. [LGz. 435]: Gez., Eth., Arb., Jib.
угаритский:ḳṣm 'saltamontes' [DLU 375]. In 1.3 II 10 (ʕlh kʔirbym kp // kḳṣm ɣrmn kp mhr 'palms of the hand above her like locusts // palms of the hands of warriors below her like grasshoppers in swarm (?)'). Alternative proposals quoted in [DLU] look by far less attractive.
арабский:ḳaṣam- 'oeufs de sauterelles' [BK 2 755], [Fr. III 457], [Q II 166], ḳaṣām- 'sauterelle' [Dozy II 368] (only in Saadiya's translation of Ps 78.46, = Hbr. ḥāsīl).
амхарский:ḳǝč̣am 'nit, louse' [K 844].
NOTES:Cf. Sab. mḳṣm treated in detail in [Sima 130]: "Das Nomen mḳṣm, das offensichtlich eine Art von landwirtschaftlichen Schaden bezeichnet, wurde zu unterschiedlichen Wurzeln gestellt ... Etymologie und genaue Bedeutung bleiben daher offen". Since the Sab. term occurs in RES 4230 C/2 side by side with ḳlm-m 'insect pest', it is tempting to connect it with the present root (mḳṣ-m, with metathesis). Cf. semantically close terms united under ..., No. ..., likely related to the present root by metathesis. [DLU 375]: Ugr., Arb.
аккадский:labbu (labʔu,lābu) 'lion' OAkk. on [CAD l 24], [AHw. 526], labbatu (lābatu) 'lioness' OAkk. on [CAD l 23], [AHw. 524]. An literary term, poetic synonym of nēšu according to [CAD]. The earliest attestations are the OA incantation BIN 4 126:21 (šerʔān lá-ab-i-im turammi 'she (Lamaštu) makes slack the mus- cles of a lion') and OB versions of Gilgamesh and Zû. The Assy- rian form spelling -ab-i- reflects an -ʔ- which is lost - or, rather, assimilated to b? - in Babylonian). In OAkk., as PN only. Accoring to [Durand 1993 50-51], in Mari Akkadian labʔu probably was one of the current terms for lion (thus, the "Lion's gate", logographically KÁ.UR.MAH_, was called bāb labʔim). The fem. form labbatu is known exclusively as an epithet of Ištar. The earliest attestations are in OB literary texts (inūḫ ipšaḫ libbaša la-ba-tuIštar 'Ištar the lioness calmed down, her heart became quiet' RA 15 181 VI 24, Enlil pâšuīpušamma izzakkar anala-ba-timIštar 'Enlil opened his mouth and spoke to Ištar the lioness' CT 15 6 VII 5). In OAkk., in PN's only.
эблаитский:ab-ba-um = PIRIG [MEE 4 96 V 4]. Identified with the present root in [Civil Ebla 90] and [Sanmartín 192] (with a comprehensive discussion about possible ways of normalization: labʔum is considered the most probable one while labwum and labīʔum are admitted as possible; a reading labbum identical to the later Babylonian form is rightly thought to be unlikely).
угаритский:lbʔu 'león' [DLU 241]. The only reliably attested Ugr. term for lion. Found in the mythological text 1.5 I 14-15 (pnpš npš lbʔimthw // hm brlt ʔanḫrbym 'as my appetite is like that of lions in the desert // or [like] the greedness of a whale in the sea') and the in- cantation 1.169.4 (wtṣʔu ... k lbʔim skh 'let them go out ... like lions to the den (?)'). The form lbʔit quoted with the mea- ning 'lioness' in earlier sources ([Aist. 167], [Gordon 426]) and secondary literature is actually attested only in the PN ʕbdlbʔit [DLU 70].
еврейский (иврит):lābī(ʔ) 'lioness' [KB 517], lǝbiyyā id. [ibid.], libʔā id. [ibid. 515], läbä(ʔ) 'lion' [ibid.]. An exlusively poetic term, usually in parallelism with ʔaryē and other terms for lion. Already in [BDB 522] it was doubted that l. meant specifically 'lioness' and not just 'lion' (cf. the categoric statement in [Sima 111]: "die Uebersetzung "Löwin" ... ist schwerlich korrekt"). For the present authors, it seems pretty certain that at least in some passages the meaning 'lio- ness' is beyond doubt. See first of all Jb 38.39 where l., to- gether with the whelps, is described as the object of the male lion's care (hătāṣūd lǝlābī(ʔ) ṭāräp // wǝḥayyat kǝpīrīm tǝmallē(ʔ) 'do you provide the lioness with food? // do you sa- tisfy the appetite of the whelps?'). The same can be said about Na 2.13 (ʔaryē ṭōrēp bǝdē gōrōtāw // ūmǝḥannēḳ lǝlibʔōtāw 'a lion providing his whelps with food // strangling [prey] for his lionesses'). In post-Biblical Hebrew, lābī(ʔ) does denote male lion while a special fem. form lǝbīʔā,lǝbīyā is used for 'lioness' (cf. byn lbyʔ wlbyʔh 'between lion and lioness' [Ja. 689]). This fem. formation seems to be attested already in the Bible (Ez 19.2, Qǝrē): mā ʔimmǝkā lǝbiyyā (lbyʔ) // bēn ʔărāyōt // rābǝṣā bǝtōk kǝpīrīm // ribbǝtā gūrǟhā 'Who is your mother? A lioness among lions! She lay down among the young lions, brought up her whelps'.
арамейские:lbʔ "uncertain, probably 'lion'" [HJ 562]. While the meaning of lbʔ in the difficult passage Aḥiq 110 is indeed somewhat unclear (cf. [Kott. 212]), the meaning 'lion' is certain for lbʕʔ in Frah XXX 14 (= šagr), see [Nyberg 109]. In [Kott. 212] a fem. formation lbʔh 'Löwin' is also postulated (very uncertain, not in [PY]). Sam. lbyh 'lioness' [Tal 424] (cf. [Talshir 156]).
арабский:lubaʔat-,labuʔat-,labwat-,libwat-,labuwat-,labawat-,labāt- 'lionne' [BK 2 956], [WKAS l 97], [Fr. IV 79], [Lane 2644], [LA I 151]. See further [Hommel 288-]. The masculine proper name al-labuʔu preserved in Arab lexicons is usually interpreted as a relic of an earlier apellative labuʔ- '(male) lion' [Sima 111] (cf. also [Lane 2644]).
эпиграфические южноаравийские языки:Sab. lbʔ 'lion, lioness' [SD 81]. Abundantly attested in passsages dealing with lion hunt and votive statuettes of lions (see [Sima 110-6] for a comprehensive textual analysis). Sima agrees with [SD] in assuming that the term denoted both lion and lioness.
NOTES:Of interest may be Mhr. ǝwbīt 'female animal in season' [JM 251] (listed under lby by Johnstone). Relationship to Indo-European terms for lion is commony as- sumed as possible or likely (e.g. [Gamkrelidze-Ivanov 510]), but see sceptical remarks in [Masson 85] (under Gr. léōn). [Fron. 293]: *labiʔ- 'leonessa' (Arb., Hbr., Ugr., Akk.); [Hommel 288]: *labiʔatu 'Löwin' (Arb., Hbr.); [Sima 111]: Sab., Akk., Ugr., Hbr., Arb.; [KB 517]: Hbr., Arm., Pho., Akk., Arb., Sab.; [DLU 241]: Ugr., Akk., Ebl., Arm., Pho., Hbr., Arb., Sab.; [Firmage 1154]: Hbr., Akk., Ugr., Arb.
NUMBER:2472
NUMBER:2473
PROTO:*laḳlaḳ-
MEANING:stork
аккадский:laḳlaḳḳu (raḳraḳḳu,laḳalaḳa) 'stork' SB [CAD l 102], [AHw. 538]. In a relatively small number of literary and lexical passages, more details see in [Salonen Vögel 225].
эблаитский:[NIN (?) ... ] = la-ag-la-gúm [MEE 4 0303, 0018]. Normalized as /LaḳLaḳ(ḳ)um/ and connected with Akk. laḳlaḳḳu in [Kreb. 46].
арабский:laḳlaḳ-,laḳlāḳ- 'cigogne' [BK 2 1016], [WKAS l 1043], [LA X 332].
NOTES:In [Zimmern 52] possibility of an indepentent onomatopoetic formation in particular languages is considered, which does not look very likely. Possible parallels without reduplication may be Arb. liḳāʔ-, ʔalḳāʔ-,liḳwat-,laḳwat- 'aigle' [BK 2 1017], liḳwat-,laḳwat- 'female eagle' [WKAS l 1137], [LA XV 253] and Amh. luḳuy(y)e 'a small, long-tailed bird which has a white breast and blackrimmed eyes' [K 69]. [AHw. 538]: Akk., Arb.
иудейский арамейский:lētā,laytā 'lion' [Ja. 710], [Levy WT I 410], [+++].
арабский:layt_- 'lion' (also 'sorte d'araignée plus petit que le ʕankabūt-'), lāyit_- 'lion' [BK 2 1048], [Fr. IV 140], [Lane 2684], [LA II 188] (v. [Hommel 288]).
NOTES:Central Semitic only. Arb. lays- 'courage, bravoure' [BK 2 1048], [Fr. IV 140], [LA VI 211] is sometimes compared to the present term, implying a variant root with -s instead of -t_ and a meaning shift (note that a presumably derived noun ʔalyas- 'lion' is quoted in the same sources). The widespread attribution of Akk. nēšu 'lion' to the pre- sent root is absolutely untenable: while the irregular *l- vs. n- can probably be explained by contamination with PS *labVʔ- (as suggested in [Landsberger Fauna 76]), consistent e-spellings in Babylonian safely exlude *y as the second radical. Alterna- tive etymological proposals for the Akk. term see in No. ... . Relationship of Gr. lĩs 'lion' to the present root is admit- ted as possible in [Gamkrelidze-Ivanov 510] (but cf. [Masson 86]). [Fron. 292]: *nayt_- 'leone' (Arb., Hbr., Jud., Akk. /nēšu/); [Hommel 288]: *lait_u (Arb., Jud., Hbr.); [KB 529]: Hbr., Arb. (layt_-, layas- [sic!]), Jud., Akk. (nēšu).
NUMBER:2475
PROTO:*muhr-
MEANING:foal
аккадский:mūru (fem. mūrtu) 'foal (donkey or horse); calf' OAkk. on [CAD m2 229] In its earliest attestation (the OAkk. incantation MAD 5 No. 8:24) the term denotes a donkey-foal: laḫrum puḫādaš atānum mūraš ('a ewe - his lamb, a donkey-mare - is foal'). The same meaning is found in a number of later literary texts and a few non-literary documents (curiously enough, in Maqlu VII 25 m. evidently denotes an adult male donkey: kīma ... irḫû ... SAL.ANS̆E mūrša 'in the same way as a male donkey inseminates a donkey-mare'). All passages where m. is applied to horse foals and calves are late (note that in AKA 139 IV 6 it is used to de- note calves of a wild cow: mu-ri.MES̆ balṭūteša AM.MES̆ uṣabbita 'I caught alive calves of wild cows'). The fem. forma- tion mūrtu is unfrequent (MA, MB).
арабский:muhr- 'poulain; en gén. petit (en parlant de tout ani- mal)', fem. muhr-at- 'pouliche; petit femelle (de tout animal)' [BK 2 1161], [LA V 185].
эпиграфические южноаравийские языки:Sab. mhrt 'filly' [SD 84]. In J 752/5: hḳnyw ... frs1m d_t d_hbm d_t s2fthw lgrm mhrthw kwldt mhrtm 'they dedicated ... a mare of bronze that he promi- sed him for the life of his filly when the filly was born'щал ради жизни своей кобылы, когда кобыла родилась' и еще нес- кольких пассажах (см. [Sima 117-]). Кат. mhrt 'Stutenfohlen' [Sima 118] (во фрагментарном контексте).
геэз (древнеэфиопский):mhr, ʔmhr 'Kamelsfüllen (?)' [Littmann 86]. The term is found in the inscriptions 12:9,33 and 13:10. (lists of booty, before lhm 'large cattle'). As convincingly shown in [Littmann 43-4], interpretation of m. as a term for a houshold animal is most likely though an exact identification is not easy.
тиграй (тигринья):mǝhir 'puledra di mulo non ancora domata' [Bass. 71].
NOTES:One hesitates to relate to the present root mīru 'young bull' SB [CAD m2 109], [AHw. 658], известный в основ- ном из лексических списков (=GUD.ÁB, GUD.NINDÁ); единственный нелексический пассаж - Köcher BAM 248 III 19 (ana muḫḫi ÁB ištaḫiṭ mīru eḳdu 'яростный бык напрыгнул на корову'). Зафикси- рована также и женская форма mīrtu 'young cow' (в одном старова- вилонском хозяйственном тексте - UCP 10 78 No. 3:14: 1 sūt ana mīrti 'одна сеа для коровы'). Данные формы могут быть связаны c mūru/mūrtu, отличаясь лишь вокализмом (см. возможно аналогичную ситуацию с bīru/būru), но могут представлять собой производные от глагола marû 'быть жирным' (корень *mrʔ) подобно евр. mǝrī(ʔ). [Fron. 292]: *muhr- 'animale giovane' (арб., сир., акк.)
NUMBER:2476
PROTO:*mVḳ-
MEANING:kind of insect
аккадский:miḳḳānu, meḳiḳānu 'a louse affecting cloth, animals and people' SB [CAD m2 102], 'eine Motte' [AHw. 657]. Known almost exculsively from lexical lists, see further [Landsberger Fauna 127].
иудейский арамейский:mǝḳāḳ d-sypwry 'a book-worm' [Ja. 832], maḳḳāḳ 'ein Insekt, das die Bücher beschädigt; Schabe, Schwabe oder Papierlaus' [Levy WTM III 228].
аккадский:mīru 'young bull' SB [CAD m2 109], 'Zuchtstier' OB, SB [AHw. 658]; mīrtu 'cow' OB [CAD m2 109], 'Zuchtkuh' [AHw. 658]. While the masculine form is known mostly from lexical lists, the fem. parallel is known also from an OB economic text (UCP 10 78 No. 3:14: 1 sūt ana mīrti 'one seah for a cow').
еврейский (иврит):mǝrī(ʔ) 'fatted steer' [KB 635]. Not quite reliable since the Hbr. form is unanimously regar- ded as derived from the verbal root mrʔ 'to be fat' in Hebrais- tic literature (v. [BDB 597], [KB 635]). This derivation, though not impossible, is not without obstactes: the verbal root mrʔ is virtually unattested in Hbr. whereas no Biblical passage expli- citly suggests that m. was a fat (or fatted) animal. Admittedly, the verb mrʔ (Hip.) 'to fatten' and the derived noun hamrāʔā are known form post-Biblical Hebrew ([Ja 842, 356]) as well as from Ugaritic (applied to oxen as well as other houshold animals, [DLU 288]). Interestingly enough, derivation from the widely used verbal root marû is not suggested for the Akk. terms in either [AHw.] or [CAD]. One wonders whether the meaning 'calf' attested for Akk. mūru is somehow connected with mīru.
аккадский:nayalu (nālu) 'roe deer' Mari, SB [CAD n1 152], [AHw. 725]. The earliest attestation come from OB Mari (4 na-lu ARM 7 91:1, ḳarnātna-li ARMT 13 55:6). In later periods, only plene writings (na-a-lu, na-aya-lu) are known. Remarkably, n. almost always appear together with ayyalu and is equated to it in lexi- cal lists. Further details see in [Salonen Jagd 219], [Landsber- ger Fauna 99].
тигре:nälät 'she-antelope (koodoo, Strepsiceros capensis)' [LH 232] (cf. also noli 'he-goat with a big head' [ibid.]).
